Durational cues to word boundaries in clear speech

نویسندگان

  • Anne Cutler
  • Sally Butterfield
چکیده

O n e o f a listener's major tasks in understanding co n t in u o u s speech is seg m en tin g the speech signal into separate words. W hen listening con d it ion s are difficult, speakers can help listeners by deliberate ly speak ing m ore clearly. In four exp er im en ts , we ex a m in ed h ow word boundaries are produced in deliberate ly clear sp eech . D urational m easu rem en ts were taken o f the pre-boundary sy llab le , and o f pausing (if any) at the boundary , in baseline utterances and in deliberate ly clear repetit ions. W e found that speakers do indeed attem pt to mark word boundaries in clear (though not in norm al) speech; m o reo v er , they d ifferentiate b e tw een word boundaries in a way which suggests they are sensitive to listener need s . Previous research has su ggested that in E nglish , l isteners apply heuristic seg m en ta t io n strategies which m ake word boundaries before strong syllables easiest to perceive . W h en con d it ion s for the listener are difficult, h o w ev er , speakers pay m ore attention to m arking word b ou n d aries before w eak sy llab les , i .e . they mark just those boundaries which are o therw ise particularly hard to perceive . Zusammenfassung. E ine der H aup taufgab en für den H örer beim V ersteh en f l iessender Sprache ist die. Z er legu n g des Sprachsignales in W örter. W enn die H ö rb ed in gu n g en schw ierig sind, kann der Sprecher dem Z u hörer durch bew ußt d eu t­ liches Sprechen helfen . In vier E xp er im en ten haben wir untersucht, w ie W ortgrenzen in bew ußt deutlich gesp roch en er Sprache erzeugt w erden . Es wurden für e in fache und bew ußt deutliche A u ssp rach e sow ohl die S ilbenlängen vor W ortgren ­ zen b est im m t, als auch die Pausen zw ischen den W örtern (w en n dort w e lch e w aren). Wir fanden , daß Sprecher bei klarer S prechw eise (nicht bei norm aler) tatsächlich versu ch en , W ortgrenzen zu m arkieren; w eiter wird zw ischen e inze lnen W ortgrenzen auf e iner Art u ntersch ied en , die e ine E m pfindlichkeit des Sprechers g eg en ü b er die B edürfn isse des H örers aufw eist . V o r h e r g e h e n d e Forschung hat uns schliessen lassen, daß in Englisch die Z u h örer heuristische U n terte ilungsstrate­ gien a n w en d en . D ie se führen dazu , daß W ortgrenzen vor starken Silben am ein fachsten w ah rzu n eh m en sind. W enn die B ed in gu n gen für den H örer schw ierig sind, achten Sprecher b eson d ers darauf, W ortgrenzen vor schw achen Silben zu b eton en ; das heißt, sie m arkieren gerade die G ren ze n , die sonst schw er zu erk en n en wären. Résumé. L'une des tâches m ajeures de l'auditeur lors du processus de co m p réh en s io n de la parole est la segm en ta tion du signal en m ots. Q uan d les con d it ion s d 'éco u te sont m auvaises , les locuteurs peuvent aider ceux qui les écou ten t en articulant cla irem ent. N o u s avon s e x a m in é , au cours de quatre ex p ér ien ces , la production des frontières de m ots dans la parole d é lib érém en t claire. D e s m esures de la durée des sy llabes qui précèdent les frontières de m ots , ainsi que celle de pauses év e n tu e l le s ont été faites dans une série de phrases p ro n o n cées n orm alem en t et dans ces m ê m e s phrases p ro n o n cées de m anière particu lièrem ent claire. N o u s avons trouvé que quand les locuteurs articulent très so ig n eu se m e n t , ils essaient e ffec t iv em en t de sou ligner les frontières de mots; de plus, la m anière dont ils s'y prennent suggère qu'ils sont sensib les aux b eso in s de ceux qui les écou ten t . En e ffe t , des é tu d es p récéd en tes ont suggéré que les A n gla is em p lo ien t une stratégie de segm en ta tion telle qu'ils repèrent plus a isém ent les frontières de m ots précédant les sy llabes accen tu ées . Or, dans des con d it ion s d 'éco u te difficiles, les locuteurs s 'appliquent à sou ligner les frontières de m ots précédant les sy llabes faibles, c'est-à-dire celles-là m ê m e s qui seraient particu lièrem ent difficiles à percevoir.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Speech Communication

دوره 9  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1990